歷*，因為環境突變而滅絕的動物物種不勝枚舉，比如恐龍。進化論的一個觀點認為，滅絕的物種未能適應劇烈變化的環境。
如果類推到企業界，很多企業未能適應不斷變化的市場環境——尤其是技術變革引起的市場環境變化，并因此威脅到他們的生存。
比如，在過去的兩年里，分別作為膠片技術和數字的柯達和諾基亞面臨的競爭性問題嚴重的到了無以復加的地步。由于未能適應數字攝影革命，柯達被迫破產重組。而對于諾基亞而言，智能手機的快速崛起使其喪失了獨立性。大約30年前，另一個技術企業，數字設備公司（DEC），也遭受了同樣的命運。當時，微型電腦（臺式機和服務器）取代了DEC作為市場*的迷你電腦。
然而，盡管市場環境巨變，有些企業還是設法活了下來，甚至取得了成功。
這就引出了一個關鍵問題：那些未能適應變革和那些成功適應變革的企業之間有什么不同之處？
關鍵：整合知識
我認為，在技術突變的時代，公司是否有能力整合內部知識和外部知識是決定其生死存亡的關鍵因素。的確，那些成功地實現內部知識和外部知識整合的公司不僅生存下來，而且提高了企業的競爭地位。在我的新書（《高績效公司：世界*公司的成功戰略》）中，我討論了日本企業FANUC的案例。
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1756-CNB
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